Fabrication and Modeling of Non-Faradaic Double Gyroidal Capacitors for Dual-Use, Energy-Storing Structural Materials

Energy storage constitutes a critical bottleneck for mobile electronic devices, electric vehicles, and renewable energy. To address this limitation, electrical energy storage devices (EESDs) of high power and energy densities have become increasingly of interest. In particular, EESDs of the double gyroidal (DG) morphology have demonstrated unique and promising electrical properties; coincidentally, the same structure is known to carry structural and mechanical advantages, especially in additive manufacturing applications. This work explores the intersection of these properties in the realm of structural electronics, via an energy-storing, DG structural material.

Mathematical models are derived to describe non-faradaic capacitors of this DG morphology, wherein the DG structure's matrix phase is used as an anode-cathode separator to enhance electrical and mechanical functioning. DG dielectrics are synthesized via stereolithography and treated chemically to enhance electroless silver deposition, followed by nickel Watts bath electroplating.

Compressive and electrical tests indicate that these DG capacitors offer measurable improvements over traditional, interdigitated morphologies, and mechanical properties are seen to be tunable to specific applications based on adjustments to the DG structure. These results offer promising extensions to ferroelectric and faradaic capacitors, batteries, and other technologies that can accommodate DG morphologies. Such dual-use materials hold promise for applications in which space is a premium, improving integration and efficiency by having energy-storing capabilities embedded directly within structural bodies.

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